The preserved architectural heritages of Thang Long

Ref.: 311
Domaine thématique: 03 Intégrité visuelle des paysages urbains historiques
Date de réception: 05/12/2008

AUTEURS (*Auteur principal)

VAN NINH, Do * (Viet Nam) -

RÉSUMÉ

In December 2002, the archeological excavation began in the West zone of Thang Long imperial palace. After two years with 20.000- square-meter excavation, 4.000.000 relics and tens of historical monuments were found here, many of which were very valuable. Some analyses were given out:
- This area was the West zone of old imperial palace in dynasties of Ly, Tran (Thang Long), and Le (Dong Kinh).
- Many relics were specific characteristics of the imperial palace, objects of historical urban landscape, and expression of historic urban, and relics used specially in the palace.
- Since they were heritage closed to the old Chinese civilization, most of them were carved in Chinese language. All relics were architectural materials to build palaces, city, temples, bridges, water wells, and so on...
Firstly, there were refined bricks made by the Giang Tay army forces, thus some Chinese characters of the "Giang Tay army", "Giang Tay specialization" were carved on. Bricks printed the "Dai Viet military expert" were refined by the Dai Viet army to build city walls. There were bricks printed under the Ly Thai Tong dynasty, dated "Long Thuy Thai Binh" back 1054 ­ 1058, or "Chuong Thanh Gia Khanh" from 1059 to 1065, or "Long Chuong Thien tri" from 1066 to 1067. There were bricks printed "Ly Gia De Tu De Long Thuy Thai Binh Tu Nien Tao". Bricks of the Ly and Tran dynasties printed "Vinh Ninh Truong" were made in Vinh Ninh, Thanh Hoa palace. Bricks printed "Dai Thong Lo" were made in the Dai Thong road, by people in Dai Thong near Thang Long contributed to build the capital.
We also found roof tiles of palaces as "Hoang Mon Thu Than Giam Tao". In the Tran dynasty we had "Hoang Mon Thu, Hoang Mon Sanh". The first one is a closed department with kings managing mandarins as prime minister.
Le Thanh Tong was a famous king of the Le dynasty. April of 1666, he rearranged army forces and set military signals.
There were 5 army groups nationwide:
- The provinces of Thanh Hoa and Nghe An belonged to the middle army group
- The provinces of Nam Sach and An Bang belonged to the east army group.
- The provinces of Thien Truong and Thuan Hoa belonged to the south army group.
- The provinces of Quoc Oai and Hung Hoa belonged to the west army group.
- The provinces of Bac Giang and Lang Son belonged to the north army group.
Each department had 400 solders. Each administrative level had its right in appointment: District (Phu) for positions of Ta Do Doc, Huu Do Doc, Do Doc Dong Tri, Do Doc Thiem Su. Ve for Tong tri, Dong Tong Tri, and Thiem Tong Tri. Office (So) set positions of Quan Lanh, Pho Quan Lanh. And the lowest level called Ngu for position of Tong Ky.
The middle army group had 6 Ve, each of them included 31 offices. 4 offices have clear names: such as Thien Dai So, Ho Ung So, Than Ho So, Hung Ho So.
The east army group also had 3 offices with clear names. The similarity was to the South army group, the North army group, and the West army group. We also found some other forces the exact name offices.
Most of office names were found. The printed characters were visible, good enough. Solder jobs were mainly carpentry. All revealed that King Le Thanh Tong had a good ability in distribution human resources in army: wartime to fight, peacetime to work and build capital. This reasonable policy helped to build the capital so effectively. A capital, with many palaces, temples, canals, and bridges all were built by army forces, made a great and beautiful landscape, and long-term preserved the whole beautiful landscape.

BIBLIOGRAPHIE